Friday, December 27, 2019

The Synthesis Of A Medicinal Agent Essay - 938 Words

The Synthesis of a Medicinal Agent – Aspirin IDC 3002H – EMWH Dylan Chow 9/14/2016 Abstract: In this experiment, aspirin was synthesized from a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride was added to salicylic acid to create a solution and phosphoric acid was added to catalyze the reaction. After the salicylic acid was fully dissolved in a boiling water bath, water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin crystals were collected and separated from the remaining acetic acid-water solution. Then, the product of the reaction would be weighed at 3.68 g and tested for purity. Overall, the experiment was successful in producing aspirin with little impurity. I. Introduction The purpose of the experiment is to produce common drugs from organic materials. In theory, the experiment tests the idea that the therapeutic drug aspirin can be synthesized from a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Because consuming pure salicylic acid, a derivative of willow bark, can caused stomach pains and be difficult to consumer due to its extremely bitter taste, producing aspirin is of great importance. Aspirin is pleasant to take orally and it only breaks down when it reaches the small intestine, causing little to no damage to the stomach. To meet the primary objective of producing aspirin, a reaction called esterification needs to be undergone. This reaction changes salicylic acidShow MoreRelatedDrug Classification System ( Atc )904 Words   |  4 Pagespharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders. Pharmaceutical drugs are often classified into groups of related drugs that have similar chemical structures, the sameRead MoreSolid Phase Of Polymer Bound 2955 Words   |  4 Pages A 1,3,4-thiadiazole library was constructed by solid-phase organic synthesis. The key step of this solid-phase synthesis involves the preparation of polymer-bound 2-amido-5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole resin by the cyclization of thiosemicarbazide resin using p-TsCl as the desulfurative agent, followed by the functionalization of resin by alkylation, acylation, alkylation/acylation, and Suzuki coupling reaction. Both the alkylation and acylation reactions chemoselectively occurred at the 2-amide positionRead MoreThe Consequences Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Human Pathogens907 Words   |  4 PagesThe incidences of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens have increased at an alarming rate worldwide (Tanwar et al., 2014). Nature has been a potential source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a notable amount of modern drugs have been isolated from natural products, many based on their use in traditional medicine. The relatively lower incidence of adverse reactions to plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals, coupled with their reduced cost, is encouragingRead MoreModern Medicine : The Traditional Medicine System1388 Words   |  6 PagesPlant as a source of Medicine: The traditional medicine system that involves use of medicinal plants for curing various human and animal diseases is as old as human society. Most of the people living in rural areas depend on herbal medicines for treatment of some common diseases such as cold, cough, fever, bronchitis, asthma, stomach ache and many more. This is because people in rural and semi urban areas are devoid of proper medical facilities and since plants are easily available for them, theyRead MoreMedicinal Chemsitry1138 Words   |  5 Pages Topic: what is Medicinal Chemistry in the 21st century? | Name Kambura N. 201405016 | Lecturer:B.A. RickertsF Group | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Cover page 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Introduction: What is Medicinal chemistry? 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Body: The pharmaceutical industry Global generics Chemistry in a nutshell 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ConclusionRead MoreCarbohydrates Case Study735 Words   |  3 Pages3.6.7. Biguanides: Biguanides are other class of oral antidiabetic agents which decreases glucose absorption from the intestine. These are the class of drugs which control all types of diabetes. These are also used to treat mild diabetes during pregnancy (Singh, 2011). The recommended first line treatment used as an insulin sensitizer is metformin and it is the only biguanide available. Widely used in elderly individuals because it effectively lowers blood glucose, has a lower risk of hypoglycemiaRead MoreEssay On Silver Nanotechnology864 Words   |  4 PagesAnti-fungicidal activities, Anticancer studies, Antiviral effects, antioxidant activity etc.6 In recent years, among these applications, antioxidant activities have attracted a great deal of attention in controlling degenerative diseas es. Antioxidant agents including enzymatic and non-enzymatic substances regulate free radical formation which are generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen radicals. Excess free radicals generated in the bodyRead MoreAntimicrobial Potency Of Silver Nanoparticles1691 Words   |  7 PagesSilver Nanoparticles Over the course of the past several years, nanotechnology has presented itself as an exciting field with various applications in modern medicine (Xia et al., 2010). With further improvement of nanotechnology, well-regulated synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has attracted much attention due to their possible functions in numerous areas (Yang and Cui, 2008). Among the various metal nanoparticles (NPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly interesting due toRead MoreThe Need for More Medications for Dementia967 Words   |  4 PagesCurrent medications for dementia are limited and there is a need to explore traditional medicinal system to investigate the agents that can prevent progression of memory loss or improve the existing capacity of learning and memory. Thus present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Ayurveda drug formulations, Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) Phyllanthus emblica (Pe) with and without Ocimum sanctum (Os) on learning performance and me mory of mice. We also tried to investigate the possible mechanismsRead MoreWhat Are The Importance Of Natural Products1361 Words   |  6 Pagesstructural and chemical diversity which is incomparable by any synthetic libraries. About 40% of the chemical scaffolds observed in natural products are deficient in today’s medicinal chemistry and thus become complementary to synthetically developed molecules. Perhaps, this is the vital reason for the historical success of medicinal plants in drug discovery. In fact, 45% of today’s bestselling drugs have been originated from natural sources. Another important benefit of natural products lies with their

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Essay on psych journal review - 2291 Words

PSYC101 Journal Article Review Assignment - Part 1 Article Content Identification and Summary Due: 11:55pm ET Sunday at the end of Week 3 of the 8-week course term You may work on this assignment ahead of its deadline but may not submit it prior to Week 3. Points Possible: 60 OVERVIEW: This is Part 1 of a two-part assignment designed to guide you through the steps of critically reviewing a published, evidence-based, scholarly journal article. This is an activity in which students engage frequently across their college careers in the completion of a variety of assignments. The article you review will be selected from the classroom Resources folder. For Part 1 and Part 2 of this assignment, demonstration of foundational skills†¦show more content†¦In the space below explain why you picked the article you selected for this assignment from the classroom Resources folder. Include a description of what about the focus of the article you chose captured your interest and why. I chose â€Å"Smoking behavior and motivational ï ¬â€šexibility in light and heavy smokers,† (Darlow Lobel 2012) because I have never understood why people chose to smoke. You know that smoking is bad for your health when you start smoking and you know it is hard to quit so why do people even start smoking in the first place? This article captured my interest because I work with a lot of people that smoke and have been smoking for years and I always wondered what their motivation was to smoke. I have also always wondered if there were certain triggers that caused them to, â€Å"crave,† a cigarette. I think learning why people smoke and what dictates when they do it would be informational. 2. APA Citation Format Show in the spaces below how you would source credit and reference-list (in APA formatting style), if you were writing a formal paper, the article you selected in the body of the paper and in a Reference list that would be attached to the end of the paper (for examples of how to correctly source credit in APA formatting style see the classroom Resources folder entitled, â€Å"APAShow MoreRelatedMy Vision And Plans For Personnel Psychology1575 Words   |  7 Pageslook forward by first looking back. From its inception, P-Psych (as it has become known) concerned itself with the application of psychological methods, understandings, techniques and findings to the study of personnel problems (Taylor Mosier, 1948, p. 1). Within this context, personnel was a short-hand way to describe people at work, not a particular organizational unit or topic domain. Establishing the intended breadth of the journal, topics across the full spectrum of industrial-organizationalRead MoreReview of Social Psychology Book by Claude Steele1468 Words   |  6 Pagessolving the given questions. One of the largest breakthroughs of his research was providing a better understanding of who is vulnerable to such threats. Experiences of Ted McDougal in African American political Ju Hee Lee (20426432) PSYCH 253 Book Review March 24 th , 2014 science class have shown that identity threat affecting the intellectual performance is a general phenomenon that can affect anyone depending on whom the situation invokes. (p. 86) High-performing white male studentsRead MoreStages Of Grief By Elisabeth Kubler Ross1399 Words   |  6 PagesMcKenzie, D. P., ... Psych, M. (2006). Family focused grief therapy: a randomized, controlled trial in palliative care and bereavement. The American journal of psychiatry, 163(7), 1208-1218. Elizabeth Kubler Ross Grief Cycle model, five stages of grief ... (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businessballs.com/elisabeth_kubler_ross_five_stages_of_grief.htm Gallaghe, R., Krawczyk, M. (2013). Kissane, D. W., PM, F. C., McKenzie, M., Bloch, S., Moskowitz, C., McKenzie, D. P., ... Psych, M. (2006). FamilyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Acute Stress1526 Words   |  7 Pages people). The person experiencing acute stress disorder also has significant symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal (e.g., difficulty sleeping, irritability, poor concentration, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, motor restlessness) (Psych Central, 2014). Difference Between Acute Stress Reactions and Acute Stress Disorder As discussed earlier acute stress reaction is a psychological condition that occurs after a traumatic event and an acute stress disorder is a dissociative disorderRead MorePsych 625 Week 1 Individual Assignment Time to Practice Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesPSYCH 625 WEEK 1 Individual Assignment Time to Practice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Click below link for Answer http://workbank247.com/q/psych-625-week-1-assignment-time-to-practice/2895 http://workbank247.com/q/psych-625-week-1-assignment-time-to-practice/2895    Time to Practice – Week One      Complete  both Part A and Part B below.      Part A   Some questions in Part A require that you access data from  Statistics for People WhoRead MoreTenants Of Personality Theories And The Bible1274 Words   |  6 Pages References Pavarini, G., De Hollanda Souza, D., Kozak Hawk, C. (2013, August 10). Parental Practices and Theory of Mind Development. Journal of Child and Family Stud, 844-853. Baker, A. J., Verrocchio, M. C. (2014). Parental Bonding and Parental Alienation as Correlates of Psychological Maltreatment in Adults in Intact and Non-Intact Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies J Child Fam Stud, 24(10), 3047-3057. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0108-0 Slobodskaya, H. R., Kozlova, E. A. (2016)Read MoreCharacter Analysis of Sam Dawson from the Film, I Am Sam1669 Words   |  7 Pagesof underdevelopment in adults. There is no specific scene or reference to Sams precise IQ, or whether he has been developmentally disabled since birth, yet it is implied from the film that Sam has been disabled for most, if not all of his life. Psych Treatment, in concordance with the DSM-IV describes a retarded person as a person that has: Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning; Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning (i.e.. the persons effectiveness inRead MoreEvaluating a Health Promotion Website Essay2584 Words   |  11 PagesThe website The Royal College of Psychiatrists (RC Psych, 2012 a) was chosen to be evaluated because as a mental health nursing student this will develop an awareness of how information technology is implemented and applied to practice in health care. Additionally, by using Roberts (2012) 5 C’s framework to critically evaluate this website, knowledge and skills of the quality and reliability of HIT will be acquired. Main Body RC Psych is the professional and educational organisation forRead MoreKeeping A Dialectic Journal Extremely Mind Opening882 Words   |  4 PagesI found this experience of keeping a dialectic journal extremely mind opening. I had been keeping a journal for a few weeks before this assignment began. For those who may not know a dialectic journal is when for a set number of days a person free writes for a set amount of time, and then for an equal number or days responds to what they wrote. My focus was supposed to be a tomato, but I quickly realized that the tomato was only there to begin the conversation. I have always been a person who isRead MoreEssay on Applied Business Research Case Study935 Words   |  4 Pages(2013). Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 433-440. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-012-1470-8 Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Parris, D. L., Peachey, J. W. (2013). A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts. Journal of Business Ethics, 113, 377-393. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-012-1322-6 Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Accounting Case Study BTG Plc - Click to Solution

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Case Study for BTG Plc. Answer: Introduction: The overall report mainly helps in evaluating the current financial strength of BTG Plc for past five years. In addition, the novice with the help of effective ratios is able to provide relevant information, which might help in depicting the accurate financial position of the company. Moreover, the overall implementation of profitability and liquidity ratio in the study mainly helps in evaluating the financial performance of BTG Plc. In addition, with the help of liquidity ratio the novice is able to depict the overall ability of BTG Plc to fulfil its short-term obligations. Ratio analysis of BTG Plc: Particulars 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 RATIOS Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin (3) 71.42% 71.25% 67.30% 68.81% 68.54% Operating Profit Margin 8.78% 9.67% 11.12% 7.67% 11.64% Return on capital Employed (ROCE) 3.26% 3.46% 3.89% 3.61% 5.91% Profit Margin ratio 7.41% 7.02% 8.36% 9.14% 13.52% Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 2.990 3.611 1.665 1.796 2.380 Quick Ratio 2.340 2.817 0.933 1.077 1.588 Financial Gearing Debt ratio 0.197 0.201 0.255 0.275 0.262 Inventory turnover ratio 2.694 2.980 3.777 3.399 3.237 Asset turnover ratio 0.396 0.447 0.464 0.419 0.408 Investment Ratios Price/Earnings 74.11 114.51 116.21 75.39 39.97 Earnings Per Share (pence) 0.045 0.050 0.068 0.091 0.158 Earnings Per Share Growth 31.76% 11.99% 36.37% 33.50% 73.14% NAVPS 1.246 1.318 1.493 2.062 2.216 Retained Earnings (128,600,000) (108,400,000) (80,000,000) (40,600,000) 28,700,000 Outstanding Shares 325,900,000 326,900,000 355,200,000 367,900,000 382,600,000 Market Share price 332 574.5 795 688.5 632 Table 1: Depicting the ration for BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) The overall table 1, mainly helps in evaluating the overall ratio, which could be used in depicting the financial position of the company. In addition, with the help of liquidity, profitability and financial ratio the overall financial stability of BTG Plc could be effectively evaluated. In this context, Lartey et al. (2013) stated that ratios mainly help investors to decode the financial statement of the companies and effectively make adequate investment decision. Moreover, BTG Company has not been paying any divided to its shareholders over the period of five year. In addition, the negatively retained earnings from 2012 have been declining from 2012 to 2016. Moreover, the current retained earnings of the company are at around 28,700,000, which might help the investors to make adequate investment decisions. Profitability ratio: Figure 1: Showing the profitability ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) With the help of profitability ratio, like gross profit margin, operating profit margin, return on capital employed, and profit margin ratio, the overall performance of the company could be effectively evaluated. In addition, figure 1 mainly helps in depicting the performance of the company from 2012 to 2016, which might help investors to make adequate investment decisions. In addition, the overall gross profit of the company mainly declined from 2012 to 2016, which mainly indicates the rising cost of revenue incurred by the company. Parsian and Koloukhi (2014) stated that gross profit margin investors are able to detect the efficiency of the companys management in which they are willing to invest. Moreover, return on capital employed of BTG Plc mainly increased from 2012 to 2016 indicating an efficient management system, which is focused in improving its profitability. In addition, the rising ROCE mainly helps in depicting the increasing capacity of the company to generate more income from the same capital. However, 2015, the capital employed of the company declined from previous year. In addition, in 2016 the ROCE of the company increased exponentially, which in turn might help investors to make adequate investment decisions. On the contrary, Fito et al. (2013) mentioned that ratios do not help the investors to make future prediction, which might in turn increase investment risk. In this context, Brou and Krueger (2016) further stated that ratios are not able to accommodate changing price rate due to inflation, which might be crucial to analyse actual increase in revenue of the company. In addition, with the help of figure 1, the overall operating profit margin increased from 2012 to 2013. Moreover, a steep decline in 2015 could be seen, which might be incurred due to decline in sudden revenue generation capacity of the company. However, stable growth in operating margin resumed in 2016 after decline in 2015. On the other hand, Bentley et al. (2013) criticises that some companies use unethical measure in inflating their financial statement, which helps in depicting an affect financial position to potential investors. In addition, comparison of ROCE and operating profit margin mainly helps in indicating the capital employed during 2015, was more or less adequate to generate the required operating profit for BTG Plc. Moreover, figure 1 also helps in evaluating the profit margin of BTG Plc, which has been relatively increasing from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the evaluations of net profit margin ratio mainly help investors to depict the overall percentage increase in profit acquired by the company. In addition, with the help of gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of BTG Plc, investors could derive its overall administrative expenses over the period. Lartey et al. (2013) mentioned that decrease in administrative expenses mainly help the company to retain more income, which could be used in future investment scope. On the other hand, Parsian and Shams (2014) criticises that reduction in administrative expenses might reduce capability of the company to advertise its products and attain higher sales figure, which might in turn help in obtaining sustainable growth. Moreover, the investors with the help of gross and profit margin ratio are able to determine the overall administrative expense conducte d by the company to support its revenue generation capacity. Liquidity Ratio: Figure 2: Showing the Liquidity ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) Figure 2, mainly helps in evaluating the overall liquidity ratio of BTG plc from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the overall current ratio of the company has been mainly close to 2.5, which depicts its inefficiency to utilise assigned assets and liabilities. However, during 2014 and 2015 the current ratio of the company was below 2 indicating a volatile state, which might have increased risk for the investors. However, currently in 2016 the current ratio of the company is around 2.38, which mainly states adequate financial stability. Fito et al. (2013) argued that due to the inappropriate assumption of current ratio investors are not able to detect the adequate financial condition of the company. Furthermore, the overall quick ratio of BTG Plc could also be evaluated from figure 2. In addition, during 2012 to 2013 the company quick assets mainly increased from 2.340 and 2.817. However, drastic decline in quick ratio of the company could be seen in 2014, which might negatively affect its capability to support short-term obligations. However, from 2015 the quick ratio of the company mainly increased indicating a higher current assets accumulation conducted by the company. Brou and Krueger (2016) stated that quick ratio allows investors to analyse ability of the company to pay its short-term obligations by not selling its long-term, assets. On the other hand, Bentley et al. (2013) criticises that decrease in current ration mainly indicates the inability of the company to support its endeavours with attained sales revenue. Financial Ratio: Figure 3: Showing the Financial ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) In addition, with the help of figure 3, the overall financial ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 could be effectively evaluated. Moreover, the debt ration of the company has been increasing from 2012 to 2015 indicating a low financial stability of BTG Plc. However, the debt ratio of the company is less than 0.50, which mainly depicts a low risky stock for the investors. Lartey et al. (2013) argued that increased debt ratio mainly indicates a volatile stock, which might increase risk of the investors. Moreover, the inventory turnover ratio of the company is also increasing from 2012 to 2016, which mainly depicts the higher inventory blockage conducted by the company over the past fiscal year. On the other hand, Parsian and Shams (2014) criticises that increased inventory blockage mainly reduce vital working capital of the company, which in turn might also affect its productivity. In addition, the figure 3 mainly helps in evaluating the assets turn ratio of BTG Plc. Moreover, the rising asset turnover ratio of the company from 2012 to 2014 mainly helps in depicting the effective use of its assets. However, from 2014 to 2016 the overall asset turnover ratio of the company mainly declined, which indicates its inefficiency to manage its assets. However, the current asset turnover ratio of the company is 0.408, which might be used by the investors to make adequate investment decisions. Fito et al. (2013) argued that during an economic crisis the value generated from ratio loses its friction and might depict a wrong valuation for the company. Evaluating the critical reflection portrayed journalist for BTG Plc: BTG group has currently acquired Galil Medical for e consideration amount of $84.5 Million and 25.5 Million in future mile stone payments (Prnewswire.com 2016). Moreover, the acquisition of Galil has mainly helped the BTG group to increase its service quality. In addition, the Galil Medical has been a portrayed as the global leader in innovative cryoablation solution, which might help patients with their treatments (hl.co.uk 2016). Furthermore, the addition, of Galil in the BTG family has mainly helped the company to increase its overall efficiency and technology to support its future endeavours in satisfying their service users. Moreover, BTG plc could make effective treatment in areas such as bone, kidney, liver, lung, and prostate. Analysing the Corporate governance of BTG Plc: The overall corporate governance of BTG Plc mainly depicts the fundamental belief of the company to maintain successful operations. In addition, the company has specifically designed there corporate governance code as per the defined UK Corporate Governance Code. Moreover, the company also complies with the rules laid down by FRC (Financial Reporting Council), which might help in depicting an effective financial statement of the company (Btgplc.com 2016). In addition, the corporate governance of the company mainly includes sections, which might be used in describing the overall structure, responsibilities, and roles of the board. In addition, effectively displays high standard of ethical and professional practise in their operations. Moreover, the code of conduct implemented by the company mainly helps in reducing unethical measures to increase their revenues. In addition, the code of conduct mainly helps in depicting the principles, policies and procedures, which might help in maint aining the required level of authority in its operations. Depicting adequate investment opportunity by evaluating the asset value per share and current share price of BTG Plc: Figure 4: Showing the Earning per share of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016) With the help of figure 4, the overall increase in Earnings per share of BTG Plc could be effectively evaluated. In addition, it could be seen in the above figure that EPS of the company mainly decreased in 2013 compared to 2012, indicating a lower income generated by the company during that fiscal year. In addition, the overall increase in EPS of BTG Plc could be seen from 20s13 to 2016, which mainly indicates the overall profits generated by the company for previous three fiscal year. Parsian and Shams (2014) stated that investors with the help of EPS valuation are able to determine the status of the company and how much return it could provide in a year. Figure 5: Showing the Share price of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: uk.finance.yahoo.com 2016) Moreover, with the help of figure 5, the overall revenue generated from BTG plc shares in five-year horizon could be effectively evaluated. Moreover, the share price of the company started from as low as 320 in 2012 and reached 800 in 2015. This rapid growth in share price mainly indicates the higher trust of investors in the company. In addition, the overall NAVPS of BTG Plc as depicted in table 1, has been effectively rising from 2012 to 2016. Moreover, the rising NAVPS mainly indicates the investors interest in the overall shares of the company. However, the ideal NAVPS is mainly 1, which indicates the shares of the company is not at discounted rate. Thus, it could be conducted that NAVPS indicates that it is not the ideal time for investment and the investors might wait until the NAVPS comes closer to 1 or below to purchase BTG Plc stocks. Figure 6: Showing the investment strategy for BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Tradingview.com 2016) Based on the current price patters of BTG Plc short-term trade could be conducted by the investors, by buying the stock at current level with tight stopples of 552 and target of 796. This trading strategy mainly has 12.63% of risk and income opportunity of 25.90%., which might help investors to get a 50-50 risk to opportunity ratio from investment. Conclusion: The overall study mainly helps in depicting the current financial position o BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the novice with the help of ratio analysis has depicted the overall financial performs of BTG Plc during its five year tenure. In addition, with the help of NAPVS and EPS ratio the novice is able to detect adequate investment opportunity for investors. Moreover, the overall corporate governance implemented by BTG plc is effectively described in the assignment. Lastly, the novice with the help of effective evaluation is able to portray adequate investment opportunity, which might be used in improving overall return from investment in short-term period. Reference: Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Brou, F.B. and Krueger, T.M., 2016. Continental and National Differences in the Financial Ratios of Investment Banking Companies: An Application of the Altman Z Model.Journal of Accounting and Finance,16(3), p.37. Btgplc.com. (2016).BTG plc | Press Releases. [online] Available at: https://www.btgplc.com/media/press-releases/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Fit, M.., Moya, S. and Orgaz, N., 2013. Considering the effects of operating lease capitalization on key financial ratios.Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting/Revista Espaola de Financiacin y Contabilidad,42(159), pp.341-369. hl.co.uk (2016).BTG plc (BTG) Ordinary 10p Share Price | BTG. [online] Available at: https://www.hl.co.uk/shares/shares-search-results/b/btg-plc-ordinary-10p [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Lartey, V.C., Antwi, S. and Boadi, E.K., 2013. The relationship between liquidity and profitability of listed banks in Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Morningstar.com. (2016).BTG BTG PLC XLON:BTG Stock Quote Price News. [online] Available at: https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/XLON/BTG/quote.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Parsian, H. and Shams Koloukhi, A., 2014. A study on the effect of free cash flow and profitability current ratio on dividend payout ratio: evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange.Management Science Letters,4, pp.63-70. Prnewswire.com. (2016).Galil Medical Announces Agreement To Acquisition By BTG plc. [online] Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galil-medical-announces-agreement-to-acquisition-by-btg-plc-300264295.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Tradingview.com. (2016).TradingView: Free Stock Charts and Forex Charts Online.. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingview.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. uk.finance.yahoo.com (2016).BTG plc. [online] Available at: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=BTG.L [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016].

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The housing crisis

The housing crisis is an economic bubble affecting many areas in the United States. House prices were high and peaked in 2006. Gradually, the prices began to decline in 2006 and 2007.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The housing crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They’re still lowering to date. As this picture unfolds, it emerges that any form of the housing bubble of the United States leaves a ripple effect which directly hits not only the valuation of homes, but also the states home builder’s, the home supply retailing outlets, the real estate industry as a whole as well as the mortgage markets. The crisis has posed a very huge risk to the American economy. As Randel stated, â€Å"the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates during the period of 1995-2000 which created easy credit for banks to make loans. Rates were extremely high by 2006 hence lowering demand and increasing monthly paymen ts for adjustable mortgages† (Randel, 144). This increased supply and consequently ended up in further lowering housing prices. Popular belief that houses as opposed to other investments do not fall in value sparked the huge number of Americans to buy homes. However this is not the case. Furthermore, it’s also widely believed that homes result in above average returns on investment. It is therefore only reasonable to take for granted that the price of houses only just manage to top price increases over the elongated term. In the years of 2005 through to 2006, there were copious advertisements as well as shows on television which were aimed at enhancing investment in the real estate sector. Books on real estate investment were being marketed and sold all over. This sparked investment in the housing industry. Clarey observed the fact that, â€Å"as home prices began to rise in early 2000-2001 following reduced interest rates, purchase of homes was on the rise† (Cla rey, 256). Speculators bought houses in large numbers with an intention of selling them back for a quick profit.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the undertakings occurred well over twenty years ago, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were considered responsible for the credit crisis that resulted after the housing bubble of 2001-2007 burst. The two companies had a huge government backing and were both chartered by the US government as government sponsored enterprises (GSE’s). The treasury department of the United States of America has been widely criticized for going out of their jurisdiction in the field of spending taxpayer’s money. This authority is preserved for congress only and this is held in the constitution of the United States of America. The treasury also stands accused of overstepping boundaries that are put in place by the Housing and Economi c Recovery Act of 2008. The two companies operating as monopolies had more disadvantages than benefits. Scrutiny by Sowell revealed that â€Å"the two companies made huge profits because they purchased and invested in mortgages and mortgage based securities with lower capital requirements than other financial institutions and banks† (Sowell, 213). In 1977, the (C.R.A.) Community Reinvestment Act was passed. The act offers a scaffold for organizations that deal with finances, institutions of the community as well as local and national governments to be able to mutually encourage banking services geared towards the entire people of a society. The C.R.A. basically ruled out lending of money in biased ways with consideration to factors such as race; this is referred to as â€Å"redlining†. The Community Reinvestment Act also gives confidence to efforts to fit the credit requirements of all categories of people in a society. These include inhabitants of modest to lower inco me areas The US congress, being in charge of the government regulatory authority largely contributed to worsening of the housing crisis. In the year 2008 alone, the government of the United States of America apportioned well over US $ 800 billion to extraordinary credit as well as salvage that was relation to the housing bubble in the United States of America. More than half of that money was directed to the quasi- governmental organizations of the Federal Housing Administration as well as the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Furthermore, the treasury department on December 24, 2009 went ahead and made an unprecedented pronouncement stating that it was going to support Fannie Mae as well as Freddie Mac by giving them unending financial aid for a period of three years from there henceforth.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The housing crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was against a backdrop of their rec ognition of the fact that they had incurred losses of much more than US $ 400 billion till then. During the large number of house buying, some brokers handed low interest mortgages to parties that were not qualified to handle large debt. Lenders did not factor customers’ claims of income and promoted adjustable rate mortgages as they promised greater returns than fixed rate mortgages. Currently uninformed house buyers are unable to meet the terms of their respective contracts and are defaulting on their payments. Many Americans have already lost their houses to foreclosure. It is the laxity in government regulation that has greatly affected the mortgage industry. By signing the 2008 housing and economic recovery act into law after it had been passed by the congress of the United States of America, President G. W. Bush made wider the ability of the institution FHFA to control Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that had spiraled out of control. The law also enabled the treasury departm ent of the United States, the clout that would lend finances to the ailing institutions of either Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. This would be bordered by the sole fact of the quantity of liabilities that the federal government as a whole is allowed to obligate to by the law. The law that was signed on July 30, 2008 by President G. W. Bush, pushed up the maximum of the treasury departments debt by US $ 800 billion, adding up to a whopping grand total of US $ 10.7 trillion. This apparently was in the hope of the latent want for the treasury department to have the elasticity that would enable those help the Federal Home Loan Banks, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. In a synopsis, avoiding a repetition of the housing predicament hardly deserves an overhaul of the financial or any other structure. What would work better is an acknowledgement that the key policies on housing in the United States are highly flawed and need to be restructured. The first step in correcting the situation is to straight en out the United States government policies on housing. Strict requirements may be enforced so as to regulate lending and borrowing activities. Added to that, rules that promote fair, easier and responsible lending practices should be strictly adhered to by the stakeholders. This will be of benefit to both borrowers and lenders in the economyAdvertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Clarey, Aaron. Behind the housing crash. South Carolina: Book Surge Publishing, 2011. Print. Randel, Jim. What every homeowner and homebuyer needs to know: The housing  crisis. Connecticut: Rand Media Co., 2009. Print. Sowell, Thomas. The housing boom and bust. New York: Basic Books, 2010. Print. This term paper on The housing crisis was written and submitted by user Vivienne Hull to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.